Table 3.

Factors associated with adherence to a Mediterranean diet.

Parameter	Category	Adherence level (score)		p-value
		Mean	SD	Param.	NP
Gender	Male	6.43	1.98	0.455	0.668
	Female	6.60	1.53
Age (years)	B, r	0.02	0.133	<0.001*	–
Marital status	Single or divorced	6.24	1.79	0.046*	0.070
	Married	6.68	1.74
Education level	Illiterate or uneducated	7.08	1.51	0.319	0.305
	Primary & middle school	6.07	1.73
	Secondary	6.46	1.96
	University+	6.58	1.71
Residence	Modest	6.42	1.59	0.852	0.879
	Flat	6.56	1.78
	Villa	6.43	1.85
Home ownership	Rented	6.74	1.86	0.083	0.138
	Owned	6.29	1.65
	Other	6.00	1.34
Job type	None	6.53	1.57	0.728	0.674
	Office	6.55	2.27
	Some PA	6.33	1.65
	Considerable PA	6.75	1.81
Income (SAR)	<3 K	6.25	1.56	0.555	0.434
	3 K–5 K	6.68	2.11
	5 K–10 K	6.38	1.73
	10 K–20 K	6.67	1.74
	>20 K	6.75	1.29
Smoking status	Non-smoker	6.63	1.75	0.515	0.739
	Passive smoker	6.29	1.44
	Ex-smoker	6.44	2.07
	Current smoker	6.26	1.85
PA ≥ 30 min/day	No	6.30	1.63	0.025*	0.094
	Yes	6.79	1.90
Hours spent sitting per day	<4	6.78	1.62	0.430	0.510
	4–5	6.43	1.85
	6–8	6.33	1.69
	>8	6.69	1.90
Bedtime	Before 12:00 a.m. (midnight)	6.68	1.76	0.475	0.430
	Midnight-2:00 a.m.	6.49	1.78
	After 2:00 a.m.	6.29	1.74
Amount of sleep (in hours)	<5	6.75	2.62	0.313	0.310
	5–6	6.64	1.61
	6–7	6.29	1.90
	7–8	6.39	1.55
	>8	7.19	1.33
Hypertension	No	6.45	1.75	0.098	0.121
	Yes	7.04	1.82
High fat	No	6.47	1.75	0.178	0.359
	Yes	7.06	2.01
Hypercholeste-rolaemia	No	6.51	1.77	0.964	0.924
	Yes	6.53	1.85
Hypertriglyceri-daemia	No	6.49	1.78	0.211	0.157
	Yes	7.20	1.40
Pre-diabetes	No	6.51	1.77	0.289	0.203
	Yes	6.79	1.80

B: unstandardized regression coefficient; PA: physical activity; r: correlation coefficient; SD: standard deviation.

*Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).

Parametric tests used: independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, linear regression.

Non-parametric tests used: Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis test.