Mice were treated with 50ng rmIL-11 or PBS control for various times. A) Representative immunoblots of Y705-STAT3 (pSTAT3) and total STAT3 protein content in lung homogenates after 1h rmIL-11. B) BALF was collected after 6h of IL-11 in the absence of infection, and analyzed for cellularity. BALF was collected after 24h rmIL-11 in the absence or presence of E. coli and analyzed for C) neutrophils, D) protein E) LDH, and H) cytokines. Significance was tested with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons * p<0.05. In a separate experiment, lungs were fixed with PFA, embedded in paraffin, and 5μm sections were analyzed for F-G) H&E staining. Images are representative of control IgG and rmIL-11 treated lungs. Bar indicates 25μm. Significance was tested with a Student’s unpaired t-test.