. 2019 Jul 19;11(7):e5177. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5177

Table 4. Association of TTC and psychiatric disorders.

TTC: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; FPI-R: The Freiburg Personality Inventory, Revised; SCL-90R: The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R); TS: Takotsubo syndrome; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; DS14: Type D Scale-14; MI: myocardial infarction; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; PGWB: Psychological General Well-Being index; ST: ST-segment of electrocardiogram; MDD: major depressive disorder

Authors	Description	Results
Kastaun, et al. 2014 [24]	Case-control stunt, 19 TTC, 20 STEMI, 20 healthy controls. FPI-R scale, SCL-90R checklist used.	Higher percentage of anxiety disorders and greater emotional lability in TS. 39% TTC vs. 5% STEMI
Deshmukh et al.2010 [25]	Cross-sectional study, 6837 TTC cases described and analyzed. ICD-9CM coding system used.	Anxiety was associated with higher rates of developing TTC.
Summers, et al. 2010 [26]	Case-control study, 25 TTC, 25 STEMI, 50 healthy controls. Medical and psychiatric records analyzed.	Anxiety: 56 % TTC vs. 12% STEMI; Depression: 48% TTC vs 28% STEMI. Anxiety or depression: 68% TTC vs 36% STEMI vs 30% health controls.
Compare et al. 2013 [27]	Case-control study, 37 TTC cases experienced emotional stress; 37 acute MI experienced emotional triggering; 37 TS w/o emotional stress. DS14 scale used.	Type D: 76% TTC emotional stress vs. 43% ST w/o emotional stress vs. 32% acute MI
Del Pace, et al. 2011 [28]	Case-control study, 50 TTC cases, 50 STEMI cases	High-anxiety trait: 60 % TS vs 52% STEMI
Delmas, et al. 2013 [29]	Case-control study, 45 TTC, 50 ACS. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview	MDD: 73% TTC vs. 26% ACS. Emotional stress trigger 56% TTC vs. 16% ACS.
El-Sayed et al. 2012 [30]	Case-control study. 24701 TTC, 25069 acute MI. Orthopedic patients. ICD 9CM coding system used.	TTC: anxiety disorders 8.9%; mood disorders 15%. Acute MI: anxiety disorders 3.4%, mood disorders 7.2%.
Compare et al.,2014 [31]	Prospective study. 37 TTC, 37 acute MI, Psychological status was assessed using the PGWBI scale.	TTC patients had a significant increase in levels of psychological distress compared to AMI patients and tend to become more negative over time compared with acute MI patients.