Fig. 15.

Saliva sampling for disease diagnosis. Tao et al showed that oral rinse saliva sampling followed by lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) were able to detect malaria infection in volunteers (a) and (b). PCR was used by Qureishi et al to detect Human Papilloma virus infection using saliva testing (c). mAb, monoclonal antibody; CI, confidense interval; DNA ISA, DNA in situ hybridisation; p16 IHC, p16 immunohistochemistry; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value. b Table estimating the sensitivity of the lateral flow immunoassay as reported in Tao et al. 2019. LFIA, lateral flow immunoassay. Pictures retrieved/adopted from Qureishi et al. 2018 and Tao et al. 2019. All figures are under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Full terms at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0