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. 2019 Aug 15;9:11914. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48316-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Contraction-inducible upregulation of the expressions and secretions of myokines. After 7–8 days of differentiation, the differentiated myotubes originating from human samples alone (HSMM), human-origin and mouse-origin cells in a mixture (HSMM + C2C12), and murine C2C12 cells alone were treated with or without EPS at 20 V/25 mm, 1 Hz, 4-ms duration for 16 h. (A) Total RNA was extracted and the relative abundances of mRNAs for mouse IL-6 and CXCL1 as well as human IL-6 and CXCL1 were evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. Data normalized using mouse GAPDH or human RPLP0 transcripts were averaged over 3 independent experiments (*P < 0.05). (B) Conditioned media were collected and concentrations of human IL-6 and CXCL1 as well as mouse IL-6 and CXCL1 were evaluated employing the BioPlex assay (*P < 0.05, n = 3).