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. 2019 Aug 15;9:11893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48174-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LEAP induction transforms field potentials to action potentials. (a) CytoView MEA 96-well plate with inset showing Bright Field 4x Magnification image of iCell CM² cultured in a single well atop eight planar microelectrodes. (b) Example signal transformation on a single planar electrode from before and after LEAP induction. (c) LEAP and FP waveforms (averaged across 5 beats) recorded from neighboring electrodes in the same well. Markers for depolarization (LEAP: rise time; FP: AMP) and repolarization (LEAP: APD at various stages of repolarization; FP: FPD) are indicated. Gray dashed line highlights that FPD occurs between APD50 and APD90.