Changes in MAPK signaling components. Levels of total ERK 1/2, phospho-ERK 1/2, and ratio of phospho- to total ERK 1/2 (A); levels of total p38, phospho-p38, and ratio of phospho- to total p38 (B); and levels of Total JNK, phospho-JNK, and ratio of phospho- to total JNK (C) are presented. The experimental details were as described in Fig. 2. The protein levels of these components in whole-cell extracts were determined by Western blotting. As in Fig. 2, the values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 4 rats). a, Significant compared with control (P < 0.05); b, significant compared with the male ethanol binge group; (P < 0.05). FC, female control; FE, female ethanol binge; MC, male control; ME, male ethanol binge.