Table 3.
Relationship Between Baseline/Clinical Characteristics and Risk of Tuberculosis Disease Among Schoolchildren in Various Tibetan Schools in Himachal Pradesh, India, 2017
| Characteristic | Schoolchildren Detected With TB Disease (n = 46) | Schoolchildren Without TB Disease (n = 5345) |
TB Risk (Univariate Analysis) OR (95% CI) |
P Value | TB Risk (Multivariable Analysis) ORa (95% CI) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 16 (14–17) | 13 (10–15) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < .001 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < .001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 24 (52.2) | 2676 (50.1) | Referent | .776 | Referent | .795 |
| Male | 22 (47.8) | 2669 (49.9) | 0.92 (.5–1.6) | … | 0.93 (.5–1.7) | … |
| Previous TB history | 1 (2.2) | 134 (2.5) | 0.88 (.1–6.3) | .886 | 0.45 (.06–3.4) | .438 |
| No previous TB history | 45 (97.8) | 5211 (97.5) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
| Recent exposure (<2 y) to a TB caseb | ||||||
| Yes | 30 (65.2) | 1571 (29.4) | 4.5 (2.4–8.3) | .002 | 2.8 (1.5–5.5) | .002 |
| No | 16 (34.8) | 3771 (70.6) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
| TST+, recently exposed | 28 (65.1) | 426 (40.8) | 2.9 (1.5–5.6) | .001 | 2.6 (1.3–5.2) | .006 |
| TST+, not recently exposed | 15 (34.9) | 618 (59.2) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
| Multiple TB exposure | ||||||
| Exposed to 1 case | 9 (30.0) | 988 (62.9) | Referent | .001 | Referent | .003 |
| Exposed to ≥2 cases | 21 (70.0) | 583 (37.1) | 4.0 (1.8–8.7) | … | 3.5 (1.5–8.0) | … |
| Exposure setting in school | ||||||
| Classroom | 10 (35.7) | 605 (43.8) | Referent | .888 | Referent | .993 |
| Dormitory/hostel | 9 (34.2) | 510 (36.9) | 1.1 (.4–2.6) | .030 | 1.0 (.4–2.5) | .063 |
| Classroom and dormitory/hostel | 9 (32.1) | 198 (14.3) | 2.8 (1.1–6.9) | … | 2.4 (.95–6.2) | … |
| Cough in last 2 wk | ||||||
| Yes | 17 (37.0) | 808 (15.1) | 3.3 (1.8–6.0) | < .001 | 2.8 (1.5–5.1) | .001 |
| No | 29 (63.0) | 4537 (84.9) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
| Fever in last 2 wk | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (10.9) | 171 (3.2) | 3.7 (1.4–9.5) | .007 | 3.4 (1.3–8.7) | .012 |
| No | 41 (89.1) | 5175 (96.8) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
| Night-sweats in last 2 wk | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (10.9) | 201 (3.8) | 3.1 (1.2–8.0) | .018 | 2.0 (.8–5.3) | .142 |
| No | 41 (89.1) | 5144 (96.2) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
| Weight loss in last 1 mo | ||||||
| Yes | 12 (26.1) | 847 (15.9) | 1.9 (.96–3.6) | .063 | 1.3 (.6–2.5) | .503 |
| No | 34 (73.9) | 4498 (84.2) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
| Increased tiredness in last 2 wk | ||||||
| Yes | 13 (28.3) | 586 (11.0) | 3.2 (1.7–6.1) | < .001 | 1.9 (.97–3.8) | .063 |
| No | 33 (71.7) | 4759 (89.0) | Referent | … | Referent | … |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis; TST, tuberculin skin test.
aAdjusted for age and sex.
bSchoolchildren were considered exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis if they were sharing classroom or residential quarters with another student at the time of the latter’s TB diagnosis. Students diagnosed with lung or pleural TB were considered index TB cases.