| DOE | The US Department of Energy |
| PEIs | Polyethylene imines |
| MOF | Metal–organic framework |
| UDP | Uridine diphosphate |
| GDP | Guanosine diphosphate |
| UDH | Uronate dehydrogenase |
| PQQ | Pyrroloquinolone quinone |
| GDH | Glucose dehydrogenase |
| BOD | Bilirubin oxidase |
| DHPDH | PQQ domain of pyranose dehydrogenase from Coprinopsis cinerea |