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. 2019 Aug 2;24(15):2826. doi: 10.3390/molecules24152826

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Schematic of 3D-DyPLoT. A 2D-EOD is used to deflect the laser in X and Y in a knight’s tour pattern (20 μs per spot) while a TAG lens dynamically modulates the focus at ~ 70 kHz. (B) Fixed 190 nm fluorescent particle is driven along a predetermined pattern by a micro-stage and tracked by 3D-DyPLoT. (C–F) 3D-DyPLoT is used to track silica-coated giant nonblinking quantum dots (gQD) in water. (C) 3D trajectory. (D) Fluorescence intensity of gQD as a function of time. (E) MSD analysis of a free diffusing gQD. (F) Histogram of diffusion coefficient and calculated diameter of gQD showing a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 38 nm. (inset) TEM of silica-coated gQD. Adapted from reference [93]. Copyright 2017 Optical Society of America.