AFM	atomic force microscope
AUC	area under the indomethacin concentration-time curve
carbopol	Carbopol® 934
COX	cyclooxygenase
D	diffusion constant within the skin
HPβCD	2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
IMC	indomethacin
P-IMC gel	transdermal formulations containing indomethacin solid microparticles
N-IMC gel	transdermal formulations containing indomethacin solid nanoparticles
J c	penetration rate
k a	apparent absorption rate constant
k e	elimination rate constant
K m	skin/preparation partition coefficient
K p	penetration coefficient through the skin
k r	drug release rate constant
MC	methylcellulose
P-IMC/MT gel	transdermal formulations containing indomethacin solid microparticles and l-menthol
N-IMC/MT gel	transdermal formulations containing indomethacin solid nanoparticles and l-menthol
NSAIDs	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
SC	stratum corneum
SNPs	solid nanoparticles
TDD	transdermal drug delivery
t lag	lag time
XRD	powder X-ray diffraction