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Surface atomic percentages on samples at different steps of the production process. Composition was obtained for the most relevant elements identified by XPS.
| Surface Treatment | C 1s | N 1s | O 1s | Na 1s | Si 2p | S 2p | Ti 2p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C- | 58.2 | 34.1 | 1.5 | 1.15 | 5.0 | ||
| NaOH | 16.9 | 0.9 | 52.5 | 11.7 | 0.4 | 17.6 | |
| NaOH + VapAPTES | 26.1 | 5.4 | 49.8 | 4.4 | 14.4 | ||
| NaOH + SolAPTES | 22.5 | 3.5 | 55.0 | 2.9 | 16.1 | ||
| NaOH + VapAPTES vap + GLU | 49.6 | 8.5 | 33.8 | 2.4 | 5.7 | ||
| NaOH + VapAPTES vap + EDC/NHS | 22.0 | 5.3 | 54.7 | 0.5 | 17.5 |
