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. 2019 Jul 26;20(15):3664. doi: 10.3390/ijms20153664

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Principles of the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). CAVI is an index derived from arterial intraluminal volumetric change by combining stiffness parameter β and Bramwell-Hill formula. Heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV) is obtained by dividing L (the length from the aorta to the ankle) by T (the time for the pulse wave to propagate from the aortic valve to the ankle). CAVI: cardio-ankle vascular index, haPWV: heart-ankle pulse wave velocity, Ps: systolic blood pressure, Pd: diastolic blood pressure, ΔP is pulse pressure (Ps-Pd), ρ: blood density of 1.05 g/mL. a and b are constants.