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The system architecture of the proposed wireless PPG sensor system for accessing arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), which is composed of a 904 nm wavelength light-emitting diode (LED), a photodiode (PD), a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a band-pass filter, an analog–digital converter (ADC), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a wireless communication interface, and the proposed classifiers for accessing DOS and blood flow volume (BFV) of AVFs.
