Table 2.

Summary statistics (after log processing).

Variables	Mean	SD	Skew	Kurtosis	Mean	SD	Skew	Kurtosis	Mean	SD	Skew	Kurtosis
	High-Income Region				Middle-Income Region				Low-Income Region
HCE	6.68	0.48	−0.15	−0.64	6.32	0.54	−0.09	−0.82	6.15	0.54	0.01	−0.62
INCOME	9.73	0.51	−0.21	−0.59	9.22	0.45	−0.11	−1.19	9.03	0.48	−0.04	−1.23
IWGE	1.32	0.52	0.21	−0.12	1.03	0.63	0.2	−0.6	1.32	0.7	0.23	−0.55
DCLI	6.76	0.82	0.2	−0.49	6.03	0.58	−0.34	−0.73	5.74	0.71	−0.31	−0.71
GFE	−0.45	0.74	−0.23	−0.88	−0.9	0.71	−0.31	−1.04	−0.7	0.77	−0.13	−0.85
ODR	2.57	0.2	−0.01	−0.84	2.53	0.14	−0.13	−0.6	2.43	0.2	0.42	−0.33
CD	6.82	0.69	0.08	−1.26	6.98	0.64	−1.43	1.5	6.47	0.82	−0.86	−0.42
HT	1.7	0.4	0.32	−0.19	1.42	0.24	−0.3	−0.94	1.41	0.3	−0.39	−0.68

Note: The sample size for the whole country is equal to the sum of the three different regions. HCE, INCOME, IWGE, DCLI, GFE, ODR, CD and HT stand for health care expenditure, income, industrial waste gas emission, the density of commercial life insurance, government financial expenditure, the old dependency ratio, chronic diseases, and health technicians respectively.