(a)
| No. | References | Organism Studied | Form of vitamin D Used in the Study | Key Findings | Ref. No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sato K. (1993) | Rats | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Elevated levels of 1α,25(OH)2D3 when administered to hypercalcemic patient with PTHrP-producing gastric carcinoma, aggravated the severity of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAH). | [110] |
| 2 | Leigh-Clare J. (1927) | Australasian Petrel | Vitamin D | One of the first articles to describe the presence of Vitamin D in stomach oil. The study was an attempt to elucidate the source of vitamin D in the oil. | [136] |
| 3 | Selye H. and Bois (1957) | Sprague-Dawley rats | Ergocalciferol | VDT lead to calcium deposition in the muscularis of rat stomachs | [137] |
| 4 | Stumpf W. (1979) | Rats | 1α,25(OH)2D3 and its metabolites | Vitamin D receptors for 1α,25(OH)2D3 or its metabolites target tissues of the GIT including the nuclei of some of the cells of the stomach | [138] |
| 5 | Kirui N. (1981) | Rats | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | 1α,25(OH)2D3 has a direct role on hypercalcemia and STM with lesions forming in most of the soft tissues, including the gastric glandular mucosa and muscularis | [139] |
| 6 | Selking O. (1982) | Rats | Ergocalciferol | Vitamin D induced hypercalcemia in parathyroidectomized rats is associated with a thickened gastric mucosa, but the serum gastrin, number of gastrin (G) cells or antral gastrin remained unchanged | [140] |
| 7 | Kurose, T. (1988) | Rats | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Calcium and 1α,25(OH)2D3 deficiency impair gastrin and somatostain secretion in the perfused rat stomach | [141] |
| 8 | Axelson J. (1991) | Rats | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Gastrectomy may lead to an increase in the levels of serum 1α,25(OH)2D3, resulting in enhanced absorption of calcium by the small intestine. This may be the cause for diseases like osteomalacia in the gastrectomized patients. | [142] |
| 9 | Holick M. (1995) | Rats, mice, humans | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Non-calcemic tissues including the gonads, pituitary gland, thymus, pancreas, stomach, breast, and skin possess the nuclear receptors for 1α,25(OH)2D3, targeting these receptors with analogs of 1α,25(OH)2D3 provides treatment against different diseases. | [143] |
| 10 | Stumpf W. (1995) | Two- month old mice | 1α,25(OH)2D3 and its analogue 22-Oxacalcitriol (OCT) | Autoradiographic studies showed nuclear concentration and retention of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and its analogue 22-Oxacalcitriol (OCT) in neck mucus cells of gastric and pyloric glands and in dispersed endocrine cells in the antrum | [144] |
| 11 | Ikezaki S. (1996) | Male Wistar rats | 24R,25(OH)2D3 | The development of atypical hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomachs was decreased by exposure to 24R,25(OH)2D3, which shows that 24R,25(OH)2D3 has chemopreventive effects. | [145] |
| 12 | Gagnemo- Persson R. (1999) | Male Sprague-Dawley rats | Ergocalciferol/Vitamin D2 | Gastrin–ECL-cell axis can be suppressed by vitamin D or by vitamin D-dependent mechanisms. Also, vitamin D receptor gene expression was seen in the rat oxyntic mucosa. | [146] |
| 13 | Stumpf W. (2008) | Rats, mice, hamsters and zebra finch | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Autoradiography studies confirmed the binding of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and its oxygen analog OCT in numerous regions of the digestive tract | [147] |
| 14 | Häkkinen I. and Lindgren I. (2009) | Albino rats | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Excess of 1α,25(OH)2D3 leads to calcification of gastric tissues | [148] |
| 15 | Sahin H. (2018) | Rats | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | 1α,25(OH)2D3 protects the gastric mucosa via attenuation of inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. | [149] |