Table 4.
Communication strategies of the heat warnings.
| ID | Language | Notification System to Target Groups | Notification System to Stakeholders | Source | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU | German | Website | Internally, all warnings above a certain category are subject to a certified process, which determines which bodies have to be informed and in which form. Email-Newsletter with detailed forecasts, tips, links etc. to nursing homes, kindergardens, hospitals, civil protection, firefighters, red cross. |
[67,68] | https://warnungen.zamg.at |
| BE | Belgian | Website | - | www.meteo.be/en/weather/warnings/legend-heat | www.meteo.be/en/weather/warnings/overview-belgium |
| EN | English | Media, website, emails, social media, leaflet (via pharmacies, GPs, national health system, advice centres, hospitals, care homes) | Email-Newsletter | [53] www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/heat-health |
www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice |
| FR | French | Communicated to the media and the general population by MétéoFrance through a vigilance map | - | [69,70] | http://vigilance.meteofrance.com/ |
| DE | German | Email-Newsletter, website, Apps, radio, internet, newspaper, television | Email-Newsletter | [41] www.dwd.de/EN/weather/warnings/warnings_node.html http://media.repro-mayr.de/52/113152.pdf#page=40 |
www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/warnungen_gemeinden/warnWetter_node.html |
| GR | Greek | Website, twitter | The Ministry of Health issues the notifications to all the stakeholders. | - | www.emy.gr/emy/en |
| HU | Hungarian and English, via web and Meteoalarm | Website, mobile app (Meteora) | E-mails to the National Public Health and Medical Officer Service | [27] www.antsz.hu |
www.met.hu/en/idojaras/veszelyjelzes/ |
| IT | Italian | City-specific warning bulletins are distributed at both national and local level and published online.Information through national/local help-lines and via the media. Diffusion of warnings via the media, Ministry of Health/Civil Protection websites. | Warning bulletins published daily on the website and sent to stakeholders. Flyers in centres for elderly and public places, local pharmacies health centres and GPs. | [24]; www.ccm-network.it/documenti_Ccm/prg_area3/Piano_caldo_2009-2012/report/4semestre/Allegato4.2_poster-Eph2011.pdf http://medcof.aemet.es/images/doc_events/medcof7/docMedcof7/presentaciones/MedCOF7_DeDonato_SSRL.pdf www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/96965/E82629.pdf |
www.meteoam.it |
| NE | Dutch | Letters, media (press release), emails etc. | Public health services, trade associations and the Dutch Red Cross warn their supporters and regional contacts.Practical information on measures in the toolkit ‘Hitte’ (‘heat’). It contains: list of questions and answers, public brochure, sample letters, press announcement, text of the National Heat Plan. It is aimed at environmental health experts, environmental nurses, medical environmentalists, communication staff, etc. |
www.rivm.nl/publicaties/nationaal-hitteplan-versie-2015
www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/uitleg/weermodellen www.rivm.nl/hitte |
www.knmi.nl/nederland-nu/weer/waarschuwingen |
| NM | Macedonian | - | - | [27] | https://uhmr.gov.mk |
| PT | Portuguese | - | - | [24,49] www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/96965/E82629.pdf | www.ipma.pt/en/otempo/prev-sam |
| RO | Romanian | - | Daily information to health ministry and health authorities. | [27] | www.meteoromania.ro/avertizari |
| SL | Slovene | ARSO web pages, Twitter, Facebook, radio, TV | Website, Twitter, Facebook, radio, TV. Civil defense by E-mail. | www.meteo.si/met/sl/warning | |
| SP | Spanish (and CAP in English) | Website (maps, bulletins and CAP), social media (especially Twitter), Open Data server for further analyses. | Direct/automatic distribution to public bodies. CAP and bulletins. |
www.aemet.es/documentos/es/eltiempo/prediccion/avisos/plan_meteoalerta/plan_meteoalerta.pdf
www.aemet.es/documentos/es/eltiempo/prediccion/avisos/plan_meteoalerta/umbrales_niveles_aviso.pdf |
www.aemet.es/es/eltiempo/prediccion/avisos |
| SW | Swedish and English | Authorities and institutions in the health sector and in the elderly care can register to receive emails when heat warnings are issued. | Stakeholders are notified by email, via mobile application, website, social media and/or via early warning telephone conference. | - | www.smhi.se/en/weather/sweden-weather/warnings |
| CH | German/French/Italian and the SMS also inEnglish. | MeteoSwiss app and website.Postal code subscription via app for receiving region-specific warnings. | The dissemination of the warning message to the stakeholders (hospitals, retirement homes, etc...) is handled differently depending on the region. In Ticino and French-speaking Switzerland, some heat products are sent daily in summer (forecasts of Tmax, Tmin). |
www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/home/weather/gefahren.html
https://www.nccs.admin.ch/nccs/de/home/regionen/kantone.html |
www.naturgefahren.ch |
GPs: general practitioners. CAP: common alerting protocol.