Table 2.
Average diameter, size distribution, and surface charge of Cur-NEs under processing conditions.
| Cur-NE1 | Cur-NE10 | Cur-NE30 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size (nm) | PDI (a.u) ns | Zeta (mV) | Size (nm) ns | PDI (a.u) ns | Zeta (mV) | Size (nm) ns | PDI (a.u) | Zeta (mV) | |
| Control | 193.9 ± 12.6 a | 0.18 ± 0.09 | −62.9 ± 3.2 a | 86.7 ± 9.6 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | −54.3 ± 3.9 a | 44.4 ± 3.1 | 0.23 ± 0.02 a | −48.0 ± 2.8 a |
| pH | |||||||||
| 2 | 197.3 ± 0.9 | 0.19 ± 0.00 | −7.5 ± 0.1 d | 91.2 ± 2.1 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | −37.2 ± 3.0 b | 49.7 ± 0.3 | 0.29 ± 0.01 a | −23.8 ± 1.6 c |
| 7 | 191.9 ± 5.8 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | −24.9 ± 4.6 c | 90.9 ± 2.7 | 0.16 ± 0.00 | −51.6 ± 1.1 a | 46.9 ± 0.8 | 0.25 ± 0.02 a | −43.6 ± 0.1 a |
| 9 | 204.4 ± 4.2 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | −51.9 ± 1.4 b | 90.6 ± 2.3 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | −50.2 ± 4.4 a | 43.9 ± 2.5 | 0.28 ± 0.00 a | −35.5 ± 6.8 b |
| Ionic strength | |||||||||
| 0.1 M NaCl | 282.8 ± 6.9 c | 0.22 ± 0.02 | −2.1 ± 0.3 d | 88.7 ± 1.7 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | −8.7 ± 0.2 c | 45.7 ± 1.7 | 0.18 ± 0.01 c | −6.4 ± 0.5 c |
| 0.5 M NaCl | 292.5 ± 5.3 c | 0.23 ± 0.03 | −5.1 ± 0.2 d | 86.9 ± 0.4 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | −14.2 ± 1.0 c | 44.4 ± 2.7 | 0.18 ± 0.03 c | −9.4 ± 0.9 c |
| 1.0 M NaCl | 220.2 ± 7.8 b | 0.20 ± 0.00 | −21.3 ± 1.2 c | 83.7 ± 2.9 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | −25.2 ± 0.1 b | 43.9 ± 2.0 | 0.22 ± 0.02 a | −18.9 ± 2.8 b |
| Thermal processing | |||||||||
| 63 °C (30 min) | 197.3 ± 0.6 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | −17.5 ± 0.1 c | 81.1 ± 4.7 | 0.21 ± 0.00 | −48.4 ± 1.1 | 49.2 ± 0.9 | 0.39 ± 0.01 b | −43.8 ± 1.6 a |
| 95 °C (10 min) | 190.9 ± 5.9 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | −14.9 ± 4.6 c | 80.9 ± 5.5 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | −50.3 ± 0.1 | 46.9 ± 0.8 | 0.42 ± 0.02 b | −43.6 ± 0.1 a |
Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3), data superscripted with a–d in the same rows are significantly different (p < 0.05) between control and the treatment. ns, not statistically significant. PDI, polydispersity index. Zeta, zeta potential.