Table 2.
Genetic manipulation approaches to enhance ASC function.
| Target Gene | In Vitro Effects | In Vivo Results | Model/Condition | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sox2/Oct4 | Proliferation ↑ Osteogenesis ↑ Adipogenesis ↑ |
- | - | [112] |
| SOD2 | Survival ↑ |
Engraftment ↑ | Hypoxia | [116] |
| SOD2 | ROS ↓ PPARG, FABP-4, IL-6, TNFα expression ↓ |
Body weight ↓ Adipocyte inflammation ↓ Glucose tolerance ↑ |
Hyperglycemia (obese diabetic mouse model) | [117] |
| CXCR4 | Proliferation ↑ Apoptosis ↓ Migration ↑ |
- | - | [119] |
| CXCR4 | - | Long-term engraftment ↑ Muscular regeneration ↑ |
Diabetic mice with hindlimb ischemia | [120] |
| GCP-2/ CXCL6 | VEGFA, HGF, IL-8 ↑ IGF-1, Akt-1 ↑ Proliferation ↑ Migration ↑ Endothelial differentiation ↑ |
Angiogenesis ↑ Infarct size ↓ Heart function ↑ |
Myocardial infarction model | [121] |
| IL-4 | T-cell suppression ↑ | MOG-specific T-cell priming ↓ EAE protective effect |
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | [126] |
| CTLA4Ig | - | Treg/Th17 ratio ↑ CII autoantibodies ↓ CIA therapeutic effect |
Collagen-induced arthritis | [127] |
| sRAGE | IL-1β, IL-6, VEGF ↓ IDO, IL-10, TGF-β, HGF ↑ Migration ↑ |
Treg/Th17 ratio ↑ Inflammatory arthritis ↓ |
Arthritic IL-1Ra-knockout mice | [128] |
| sST2 | Immunomodulatory mediator expression ↑ | Pulmonary inflammation ↓ Alveolar architecture ↑ |
Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury | [129] |
| IL-33 | T-cell proliferation ↓ IL17 secretion ↓ |
- | - | [130] |
↑; upregulated or enhanced, ↓; downregulated or reduced, -; not applicable.