Table 3.

Anti-hypertensive effect of Gaba.

STT	Source	Dose/Model	Time of Treatment/Administration	Effect	Ref.
1	Milk fermented by Lactococcus lactis DIBCA2 and Lactobacillus plantarum PU11	0.70 mg/ml	5 min	Inhibiting 50% ACE activity	[30]
2	Gaba form LAB-fermented soybean	1.3 mg Gaba/g soybean	10 min	Inhibiting 43% ACE activity	[33]
3	Gaba from the fermented lentils	10.42 mg Gaba/g extract	60 min	Inhibiting 92% ACE activity	[34]
4	Gaba from Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo)	0.3 to 300 mg Gaba/kg, rat	Every 20 min for i.v. administration	Decreasing blood pressure	[35]
5	Gaba from skim cows’ milk fermented with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and Lactococcus lactis YIT 2027	5 mL (102 mg Gaba/kg) of the fermented solution/kg body weight, rat	10 h	Lowering blood pressure	[36]
6	Gaba-enriched rice grains	0.1 mg–0.5 mg Gaba/kg, rat	6 weeks	Decreasing blood pressure	[38]
7	Gaba-enriched white rice	150 g of Gaba-enriched white rice (11.2 mg Gaba/100 g rice), volunteers	8 weeks	Decreasing blood pressure	[41]
8	Gaba-enriched Chingshey purple sweet potato-fermented milk by lactic acid bacteria	2.5-mL dose of fermented-milk, rat	8 weeks	Reducing both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure	[42]
9	Gaba from probiotic-fermented purple sweet potato yogurt	1500 µg/2.5 mL/kg, rat	8 weeks	Alleviating cardiac hypertrophy	[43]
10	Gaba-rich tomato	2–10 g/kg, rat	2–24 h	Decreasing blood pressure	[46]
11	Gaba-rich bread	120 g/day, patient	3 days	Decreasing blood pressure	[47]