Table 1.
Compares undifferentiated iPSC literature by printing type, nozzle diameter, bioink composition, crosslinking mechanism and function.
| Printing Technique | Printer | Nozzle Diameter | Bioink | Crosslinker | Cell Source | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drop-on-Demand | Custom 3-axis stage | 101.6 µm | 1.5% w/v alginate | 6% CaCl2 | hiPSC cell lines RCi-22, RCi-50 | N/A | Faulkner- Jones et al. 2015 |
| Extrusion | Felix 3.0 | 40 µm | Geltrex | None | Custom made BJ fibroblasts derived hiPSC | 3 germ-layers | Reid et al. 2016 |
| 3D Bioplotter Envision TEC | 200 µm | 5% w/v alginate, 5% w/v carboxymethyl-chitosan, 1.5% w/v agarose | CaCl2 | hiPSCs (source not specified) | 3 germ-layers, neural tissues | Gu et al. 2017 |
|
| 3D Discovery regenHu | 300 µm | Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) alginate (60:40) NFC with HA | CaCl2 (for alginate) H2O2 (for HA) |
Custom made A2B iPSC line, iPSC derived chondrocytes | Pluripotency, chondrocytes | Nguyen et al. 2017 |
|
| Custom-built | 260 µm | 2% w/v hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH), 0-30% Matrigel | Temperature 37˚C | hiPSC from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) | Pluripotency | Li et al. 2018 |
|
| Laser-assisted | Nd:YAG 1064 laser | N/A Droplet volume 0.01-1nL |
1 wt% HA Matrigel | - | hiPSC from cord blood or peripheral blood-derived hiPSC line | 3 germ layers | Koch et al. 2018 |