Table 3.
Summary of the main bioactivity of phenolic compounds of saffron and floral bioresidues of Crocus sativus L. flower.
| Bioactive Compound | Bioactivity [Reference] | Model | Dose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tepal (ethanol; 80%) extracts of C.s. flower | Hepatoprotective effects [165] | Rats | Administration by oral gavage (20 mg/kg body weight for 6 days) |
| Ameliorative effects on kidney failures [166] | Rats | Intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg body weight for 7/13 days) | |
| Increase antibody response [167] | Rats | Intraperitoneal injection (75 mg/kg body weight for 14 days) | |
| Kaempferol aglycone | Antitumor effects [170] | Colon cancer cells | 75 µM |
| Anti-inflammatory effects in acute lung injury [171] | Cell | 100 µM | |
| Mice | Intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg body weight) | ||
| Anti-inflammatory effects [173] | Cellular model of intestinal inflammation in rats | 12.5, 25 and 50 µM | |
| Anti-inflammatory effects on Helicobacter pylory-induced inflammation [174] | Gastric adenocarcinoma cell | 6.25, 12.5, and 25 µM | |
| Antidepressant effects [175] | Chronic social defeat stress mouse model | Intraperitoneal injection (20 mg/kg body weight) | |
| Wound healing effects [176] | Incisional and excisional wound models on diabetic and nondiabetic rats | Topically applied (1% weight/weight for 14 days) | |
| Kaempferol 3-O-β-sophoroside | Anti-inflammatory effects [177] | Human endothelial cells | >0.05 µM |
| Analgesic effects [178] | Mice | Intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg body weight) | |
| Quercetin | Chemopreventive effects. Inhibit cell growth and invasion/migration of the cells [180] | Cultured oral squamous cell carcinoma cells | 2 mg/mL |
| Chemopreventive effects [181] | Male Sprague Dawley rats | Oral administration (200 mg/kg body weigh/ trice a week for 16 weeks) | |
| Delphinidin 3-O-β-glucoside | Prevent tumor progress by inhibiting angiogenesis and cell migration [183] | Breast cancer cells | 200 µM |