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. 2019 Jul 26;20(15):3670. doi: 10.3390/ijms20153670

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induced apoptosis of photoreceptor cells. (a) The expression of S1P receptors in 661W cells detected by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction was normalized to the housekeeping gene of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (n = 6). Each column represents the mean ± standard error. (b) 661W cells were treated with S1P for 7 h, which was followed by staining with the annexin V/propidium iodide, and Hoechst 33342. Bar: 100 µm. (c) Western blot analysis showing phospho-Akt, Akt, cleaved capase-3, and β-tubulin.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induced apoptosis of photoreceptor cells. (a) The expression of S1P receptors in 661W cells detected by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction was normalized to the housekeeping gene of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (n = 6). Each column represents the mean ± standard error. (b) 661W cells were treated with S1P for 7 h, which was followed by staining with the annexin V/propidium iodide, and Hoechst 33342. Bar: 100 µm. (c) Western blot analysis showing phospho-Akt, Akt, cleaved capase-3, and β-tubulin.