Table 1.

Selected studies on gene–diet interactions on weight loss, abdominal fat distribution, and body composition in POUNDS Lost trial.

Study	Genetic Factor	Environment Factor	Major Finding
Zhang et al. [81]	Obesity-related FTO variant rs1558902	Dietary protein	Dietary protein significantly modified the FTO genotype in relation to weight loss and improvement in body composition and abdominal fat distribution
Heianza et al. [82]	Gut microbiota related LCT variant rs4988235	Dietary protein	In response to a high-protein diet, the G allele of LCT variant rs4988235 was associated with a greater reduction of whole-body fat %, trunk fat %, SAT, VAT, and TAT.
Heianza et al. [83]	Macronutrient intake related FGF21 variant rs838147	Dietary carbohydrate/fat	Dietary carbohydrate/fat intake significant interaction with the FGF21 genotype on 2-year changes in WC, percentage of total fat mass, and percentage of trunk fat
Goni et al. [84]	Circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B genetic variant rs10830963	Dietary fat	Carriers of the G allele of the MTNR1B genotype and low-/high-fat diet on changes in weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and total body fat
Mattei et al. [85]	TCF7L2 gene variant rs12255372	Dietary fat	Significant interactions were observed for rs12255372 T allele and fat intake for changes in BMI, total fat mass, and trunk fat mass; TT carriers have more reductions in body composition when consuming a low-fat diet.
Lin et al. [86]	NPY variant rs16147	Dietary fat	The rs16147 T allele appeared to associate with a more adverse change in the abdominal fat deposition in the high-fat diet group than in the low-fat diet group.
Huang et al. [87]	HNF1A gene variant rs7957197	Dietary fat	Individuals with T allele of HNF1A rs7957197 have a greater decrease in body weight, WC when consuming a high-fat diet.