Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Characteristics | Full Sample (n = 439) | High EL Group (n = 369) | Low EL Group (n = 70) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age | 70.7 (7.3) | 70.0 (7.0) | 74.64 (7.6) | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 195 (44.4) | 179 (48.5) | 16 (22.9) | |||
| Female | 244 (55.6) | 190 (51.5) | 54 (77.1) | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 334 (76.1) | 294 (79.7) | 40 (57.1) | |||
| Other marital status | 105 (23.9) | 75 (20.3) | 30 (42.9) | |||
| Financial satisfaction | ||||||
| Adequate | 316 (72.0) | 272 (73.7) | 44 (62.9) | |||
| Fair | 85 (19.4) | 70 (19.0) | 15 (21.4) | |||
| Inadequate | 38 (8.5) | 27 (7.3) | 11 (15.7) | |||
| Living alone | ||||||
| Yes | 72 (16.4) | 51 (13.8) | 21 (30.0) | |||
| No | 367 (83.6) | 318 (86.2) | 49 (70.0) | |||
| Physical health | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.1) | 1.1 (0.9) | |||
| Family social capital | 4.3 (0.8) | 4.3 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.8) | |||
| Number of children | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.2) | |||
| ADLs | 98.9 (4.7) | 98.9 (4.8) | 98.5 (4.5) | |||
Note: EL—education level; SD—standard deviation; ADLs—activities of daily living; ADLs were assessed by the Barthel Index; variable ranges: age (60–92); gender (1–2); marital status (0–1); self-rated economic status (1–5); living alone (0–1); physical health (0–6); family social capital (1–5); number of children (0–11); ADLs (0–100).