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. 2019 Jul 31;20(15):3754. doi: 10.3390/ijms20153754

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Simplified overview of the folate (orange color) and methionine (blue color) cycles in the one-carbon metabolism, adapted from [1]. The diagram illustrates the enzymes (violet color) whose polymorphisms have been investigated in this article, and their metabolites. Enzymes: DNMTs, DNA methyltransferases; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; MTR, methionine synthase; MTRR, methionine synthase reductase; RFC1, reduced folate carrier 1; TYMS, thymidilate synthase. Metabolites: DHF, dihydrofolate; THF, tetrahydrofolate; dTMP, deoxythymidine monophosphate; dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine.