Skip to main content
. 2019 Aug 6;12(15):2493. doi: 10.3390/ma12152493

Table 1.

Experimental studies of nanofluids for vehicle system cooling.

Reference Nano Fluids Types Advantages
[65] Al2O3−EG Al2O3−EG enhances the thermal conductivity by about 4.5% with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles (1.5 vol%).
[67] Nanodiamond–engine oil Nanofluid enhances the engine performance by increasing the engine power by about 1.15% and reducing the fuel consumption by about 1.27% compared to simple engine oil.
[73] Al2O3−water,
Al2O3−EG,
Al2O3−EG/water (5–20 vol% of EG)
Heat transfer performance was enhanced about 40% with the addition of 1.0 vol% of nanoparticles of Al2O compared to the pure fluid.
[72] Al2O3−water The maximum improvements of coolant heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate and Nusselt number were 14.7%, 14.8%, and 9.5%, respectively.
[69] CuO−water,
Fe2O3−water
0.65 vol% CuO−water nanoparticles enhanced the heat transfer coefficient by up to 9%.
[70] CuO−water CuO−water is beneficial to improve the overall heat transfer coefficient. With 0.4 vol% CuO concentration of nanofluid the heat transfer coefficient was enhanced about 8% as compared to pure water.
[71] SiO2−water,
TiO2−water
The maximum Nusselt number improvements for SiO2 and TiO2 nanofluids were 22.5% and 11%, respectively
[74] SiO2−water With 0.4 vol% of SiO2 nanoparticles at 60 °C the heat transfer enhancement was about 9.3% as compared to the pure fluid.