Table 1.
Reference | Nano Fluids Types | Advantages |
---|---|---|
[65] | Al2O3−EG | Al2O3−EG enhances the thermal conductivity by about 4.5% with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles (1.5 vol%). |
[67] | Nanodiamond–engine oil | Nanofluid enhances the engine performance by increasing the engine power by about 1.15% and reducing the fuel consumption by about 1.27% compared to simple engine oil. |
[73] | Al2O3−water, Al2O3−EG, Al2O3−EG/water (5–20 vol% of EG) |
Heat transfer performance was enhanced about 40% with the addition of 1.0 vol% of nanoparticles of Al2O compared to the pure fluid. |
[72] | Al2O3−water | The maximum improvements of coolant heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate and Nusselt number were 14.7%, 14.8%, and 9.5%, respectively. |
[69] | CuO−water, Fe2O3−water |
0.65 vol% CuO−water nanoparticles enhanced the heat transfer coefficient by up to 9%. |
[70] | CuO−water | CuO−water is beneficial to improve the overall heat transfer coefficient. With 0.4 vol% CuO concentration of nanofluid the heat transfer coefficient was enhanced about 8% as compared to pure water. |
[71] | SiO2−water, TiO2−water |
The maximum Nusselt number improvements for SiO2 and TiO2 nanofluids were 22.5% and 11%, respectively |
[74] | SiO2−water | With 0.4 vol% of SiO2 nanoparticles at 60 °C the heat transfer enhancement was about 9.3% as compared to the pure fluid. |