Table 4.

Visual Impairment and Incident Cognitive Impairment Over 9 Years of Follow-up: Health Aging, and Body Composition Study (1999–2008)^†

			Cognitive Impairment
Vision Parameters	Interval	N	Hazard Ratio	95% CI
VA impairment	vs No VA impairment	2,034	1.55	1.12, 2.14
CS impairment	vs No CS impairment	2,034	1.33	1.13, 1.55
SA impairment	vs No SA impairment	1,976	1.28	1.09, 1.49
VA	0.1 logMAR worse	2,034	1.07	1.03, 1.12
CS	0.1 log units worse	2,034	1.09	1.05, 1.13

Note: p < .05 in bold font. CI = confidence interval; CS = contrast sensitivity; logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; SA = stereo acuity; VA = visual acuity.

^†Adjusted for year, age, sex, race, depression, diabetes, education, smoking, and study site.