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. 2019 Aug 15;137(11):1223–1231. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3095

Figure 1. Temporal Development of Female Authorships on the Global Level.

Figure 1.

A, The proportion of female authorships (FAP, bottom), the pattern of female authorship odds ratios (FAORs) (with FAOR triplet, top), and its related prestige index (PI) are shown by year and averaged over time. The averaged FAOR distribution is characterized by the FAOR pattern (+, +, −), ie, women have higher odds of first and coauthorships and lower odds of last authorships. The averaged PI is negative (−0.22), indicating a lack of prestigious authorships held by women. B, The FAP demonstrates a relatively high annual increase, as proven by its average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 1.6% per year with the highest rate for last authorships (2.5%). Especially since 2017, the FAOR for last authorships is increasing and leading to more sex neutrality, as shown by the PI (−0.12) of 2018.