Table 1. Synopsis of Different Subject Areas^a.

Subject Area	FAP, %	Prestige Index	FAOR				Female Representation at Prestigious Authorships		Sex-Specific Differences in Citation Rates
			First Authorship	Coauthorship	Last Authorship	Tripletb	Multiauthor Articles	Highest-Impact Journals
Nursingc	75.2	0.23	1.69	0.85	0.85	(+, −, −)	Stable	Stable	No
Q1-dermatology12,d	43.0	−0.11	1.41	1.07	0.60	(+, +, −)	Stable	Stable	Minor
Ophthalmology	34.9	−0.22	1.12	1.20	0.63	(+, +, −)	Stable	Stable	Minor
Otorhinolaryngologyc	31.1	−0.26	1.17	1.25	0.59	(+, +, −)	Decline	Stable	Minor
Nature Index journals5,e	29.8	−0.42	1.19	1.35	0.47	(+, +, −)	Sharp decline	Decline	Major

Abbreviations: FAP, proportion of female authorships; FAOR, female authorship odds ratio; Q1, top quartile.

^aIn comparison with other disciplines, the integration of female scientists in ophthalmic research is average. Nevertheless, all subjects provide a considerable career dichotomy, with many female scholars at the beginning of their careers and few women in senior academic positions.

^bThe symbols in parentheses indicate higher (+), equal (=), or lower (−) female odds ratios for first authorships, coauthorships, and last authorships.

^cSee eFigures 10-19 in the Supplement.

^dThe journals constitute the subset of dermatological Q1 journals representing the top 25% of the corresponding impact factor distribution (in 2016).

^eThe Nature Index was created in 2014 and offers a database for the specific analysis of global high-impact scientific efforts from the journal categories of Life Science, Multidisciplinary, Earth and Environmental, Chemistry, and Physics.