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. 2019 Aug 9;13:758. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00758

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Copyright © 2019 Zhu, Zheng, Li, Huang, Chao, Pan, Zhu, Zhao, Yu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Myeloid cells and neuronal circuit re-establishment. Myeloid cells such as microglia can modify neuronal activity and stimulate the NSCs to sprout axons and rebuild synaptic networks. IL-4 induced M2 myeloid cells and BMP antagonist induced iron-releasing microglia protect oligodendrocytes through different mechanisms, such as enhancing remyelination and oligodendrogenesis, which all contribute to the re-establishment of the neuronal circuit. NSC, neural stem cells; IL-4, interleukin 4; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein.