Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in the Entire Cohort (N = 1,617)
| Variable | No. Available |
Value |
|---|---|---|
| Age at time of operation, years | 1,617 | 50.4 ± 15.5 |
| Male | 1,616 | 669 (41) |
| Race | 1,568 | |
| Asian | 31 (2) | |
| Black | 142 (9) | |
| White | 1,317 (84) | |
| Hispanic | 18 (1) | |
| Native American | 8(1) | |
| Other | 52 (3) | |
| Height, cm | 1,412 | 167.7 ± 12.9 |
| Weight, kg | 1,452 | 84.1 ± 23.4 |
| Body mass index class, kg/m2 | 1,408 | |
| ≤18.5 | 38 (3) | |
| >18.5 and ≤25.0 | 375 (27) | |
| >25.0 and ≤30.0 | 408 (29) | |
| >30.0 and ≤35.0 | 284 (20) | |
| >35.0 | 303 (22) | |
| Smoking history (current + former) | 1,589 | 719 (45) |
| ASA class | 1,582 | |
| I | 18 (1) | |
| II | 432 (27) | |
| III | 887 (56) | |
| IV | 242 (15) | |
| V | 3(0) | |
| Zubrod score | 1,603 | |
| 0 | 151 (9) | |
| 1 | 1,190 (74) | |
| 2 | 143 (9) | |
| 3 | 77 (5) | |
| 4 | 41 (3) | |
| 5 | 1 (0) | |
| Hypertension | 1,412 | 665 (47) |
| Diabetes | 1,554 | 347 (22) |
| Most recent creatinine (mg/dL) level | 1,016 | 1.0 ± 0.9 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1,398 | 69 (5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1,399 | 203 (15) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1,398 | 49 (4) |
| Renal dysfunction | 1,565 | 506 (32) |
| Oral or intravenous steroid within 24 hours | 1,394 | 89 (6) |
| Prior cardiothoracic operation | 1,406 | 336 (24) |
| Weight loss (kg) in past 3 months | 1,308 | 0.4 ± 2.3 |
| Most recent hemoglobin (g/dL) level | 1,028 | 12.9 ± 1.8 |
| COPD | 1,062 | 162 (15) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 1,061 | 4(0) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1,046 | 12 (1) |
| Cerebrovascular history | 1,576 | |
| Transient ischemic attack | 51 (3) | |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 71 (5) | |
| Operating room time, minutes | 1,589 | 316.4 ± 132.3 |
| Intraoperative transfusion | 1,498 | 24 (2) |
| Indication | 1,617 | |
| Malignant | 408 (25) | |
| Benign | 1,209 (75) | |
| Approach | 1,604 | |
| Thoracic | 309 (19) | |
| Cervical | 1,295 (81) | |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%).
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; No. = number.