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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Cond Med. 2018 Feb 15;1(2):85–97.

TABLE 5.

Resilient Phenotypes

Injury Model
Phenotypes Ischemia Phototoxicity Glaucoma Diabetes
Anti-apoptotic Zhang et al., 2002; Dreixler et al., 2008; Peng et al., 2009; Biermann et al., 2010; Biermann et al., 2011; Schallner et al., 2012; Ulbrich et al., 2015 Grimm et al., 2002; Bordone et al., 2012 Kim et al., 2013
Anti-inflammatory Nishiyama et al., 2000; Nonaka et al., 2001; Fernandez et al., 2009a; Fernandez et al., 2009b; Biermann et al., 2010; Biermann et al., 2011; Schallner et al., 2012; Halder et al., 2013; Chrysostomou et al., 2014; Pan et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2016 Zhu et al., 2010; Albarracin et al., 2011; Albarracin and Valter, 2012 Bosco et al., 2012; Howell et al., 2012 Fernandez et al., 2011; Fernandez et al., 2012; Salido et al., 2013; Dorfman et al., 2014
Anti-oxidative stress Zhu et al., 2007; Peng et al., 2009; Peng et al., 2011; Kong et al., 2012; Pan et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2014; Ulbrich et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2016 Inman et al., 2013 Salido et al., 2013b
Anti-lipid peroxidation Zhu et al., 2010; Bordone et al., 2012 Belforte et al., 2011; Inman et al., 2013
Changes in metabolism Nishiyama et al., 2000; Berkowitz et al., 2008; Fernandez et al., 2009a; Biermann et al., 2011; Kong et al., 2012 Barbe et al., 1988 Park et al., 2001 Fernandez et al., 2012
Changes in signaling intermediates Dreixler et al., 2009; Biermann et al., 2010; Biermann et al., 2011; Schallner et al., 2012; Ulbrich et al., 2015 Ueki et al., 2008 Kim et al., 2013
Increased mitogens Lawson et al., 2014; Brandli et al., 2016 Dorfman et al., 2014
Improved tissue perfusion Lin and Roth, 1999
Improved vascular integrity Fernandez et al., 2011; Salido et al., 2013b; Dorfman et al., 2014
Improved axonal transport Bosco et al., 2012; Inman et al., 2013 Fernandez et al., 2012
Epigenetic modifications Stowell et al., 2010; Fan et al., 2016