Tab. 3:

Milestones on the road towards a new approach to DART

Date	Event	Who was involved
2002	Validation of three embryotoxicity tests	ECVAM, ZEBET, RIVM
unclear	Zebrafish for DART	Many groups, currently validated by EBTC
2005–2010	ReProTect	ECVAM, University Tübingen (Coordinator Michael Schwarz), 35 partners
2009	Stemina DevTox assay commercially available	Stemina
2012	Acceptance of extended one-generation reproductive toxicity study	ECVAM, ECHA
2008–2017	Definition of TTC	BASF SE, CAAT
2017	Draft Guidance “Detection of toxicity to reproduction for human pharmaceuticals” including suggested reference chemicals for characterizing alternative DART assays	ICH

Abbreviations: BASF SE, German chemical company; CAAT, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing at Johns Hopkins University; EBTC, Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration; ECHA, European Chemicals Agency; ECVAM, European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods; ICH, International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use; RIVM, Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; ZEBET – Center for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment