Table 2.
Plasma level of biomarkers of inflammation and lung injury according to groups
| TNF-α (pg ml−1) | IL-6 (pg ml−1) | IL-8 (pg ml−1) | sRAGE (μg ml−1) | SP-D (μg ml−1) | CC-16 (μg ml−1) | KL6 (units ml−1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall cohort | |||||||
| Preoperative | 8.5 (4.2 to 11.2) | 3.3 (2.1 to 5.6) | 7.0 (4.5 to 10.2) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) | 9.2 (5.0 to 1.6) | 15.7 (10.1 to 22.7) | 18.3 (11.1 to 27.0) |
| Postoperative | 8.8 (4.0 to 12.1) | 11 7.2 (48.1 to 245.0) | 18.4 (9.5 to 38.3) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.5) | 5.5 (3.3 to 10.0) | 17.8 (10.9 to 22.7) | 13.4 (7.8 to 19.8) |
| Postoperative day 5 | 9.0 (4.8 to 1 2.2) | 13.7 (7.4 to 32.8) | 10.0 (6.5 to 14.5) | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.6) | 6.2 (3.7 to 10.7) | 11.9 (7.6 to 19.6) | 12.8 (7.1 to 18.5) |
| P* | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.783 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| PPCs | |||||||
| Preoperative | 9.0 (5.2 to 11.5) | 3.7 (2.4 to 6.1) | 7.2 (5.0 to 10.2) | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.5) | 9.6 (5.5 to 1 6.8) | 15.6 (11.2 to 23.3) | 18.1 (12.0 to 26.2) |
| Postoperative | 9.5 (5.3 to 13.4) | 153.7 (80.8 to 344.3) | 22.3 (12.5 to 46.1) | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.6) | 5.6 (3.3 to 10.3) | 18.5 (12.6 to 29.4) | 13.2 (8.5 to 18.4) |
| Postoperative day 5 | 10.2 (5.6 to 12.9) | 18.3 (10.3 to 50.7) | 10.5 (7.7 to 17.4) | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.7) | 6.5 (4.3 to 1 2.9) | 13.9 (8.3 to 21.7) | 12.9 (7.2 to 17.4) |
| P* | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.406 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| No PPC | |||||||
| Preoperative | 7.5 (3.5 to 11.1) | 2.9 (1.7 to 4.6) | 6.2 (3.6 to 10.2) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.3) | 8.1 (4.4 to 1.4) | 14.2 (7.5 to 22.6) | 18.1 (9.3 to 28.2) |
| Postoperative | 7.5 (3.4 to 11.5) | 62.7 (32.1 to 143.8) | 13.7 (7.4 to 25.0) | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.3) | 5.1 (3.0 to 9.4) | 1 6.3 (9.8 to 26.3) | 13.6 (7.3 to 22.7) |
| Postoperative day 5 | 6.5 (4.2 to 11.1) | 9.8 (5.6 to 1 6.5) | 8.0 (4.2 to 12.4) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.3) | 5.6 (3.2 to 8.6) | 10.3 (6.6 to 1 7.0) | 12.8 (6.1 to 21.7) |
| P* | 0.683 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.523 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| P ** | 0.150 | 0.024 | 0.188 | 0.271 | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.246 |
| High PEEP | |||||||
| Preoperative | 8.2 (4.1 to 11.1) | 3.2 (2.1 to 4.9) | 7.1 (4.5 to 10.0) | 2.0 (1.6 to 2.3) | 9.6 (5.1 to 1.9) | 16.1 (9.0 to 22.0) | 17.8 (11.1 to 26.4) |
| Postoperative | 9.0 (4.2 to 1 2.3) | 125.5 (51.3 to 290.6) | 19.2 (10.4 to 43.1) | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.6) | 5.4 (3.4 to 10.0) | 18.0 (11.0 to 30.1) | 13.0 (8.7 to 18.8) |
| Postoperative day 5 | 9.5 (4.8 to 11.8) | 13.7 (8.7 to 18.8) | 10.2 (6.6 to 16.7) | 2.1 (1.4 to 2.6) | 6.5 (3.9 to 11.4) | 11.5 (7.9 to 20.1) | 12.7 (6.8 to 17.8) |
| P* | 0.019 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.443 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Low PEEP | |||||||
| Preoperative | 9.0 (4.3 to 11.6) | 3.6 (2.0 to 6.2) | 6.9 (4.3 to 10.4) | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.4) | 8.9 (5.0 to 14.5) | 15.6 (10.4 to 23.1) | 19.9 (11.1 to 27.7) |
| Postoperative | 8.5 (3.9 to 1 2.2) | 115.5 (44.8 to 215.8) | 16.1 (8.1 to 35.3) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) | 5.6 (3.1 to 10.2) | 17.8 (10.7 to 25.5) | 14.1 (7.4 to 22.6) |
| Postoperative day 5 | 8.9 (4.7 to 12.6) | 13.3 (7.3 to 32.4) | 9.2 (6.4 to 13.8) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.3) | 5.9 (3.7 to 10.1) | 11.9 (7.2 to 1 8.5) | 13.1 (7.2 to 19.0) |
| P* | 0.201 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.900 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| P ** | 0.542 | 0.533 | 0.854 | 0.478 | 0.482 | 0.231 | 0.944 |
Values are medians (interquartile range). CC-16, Clara cell protein; IL, interleukin; KL-6, Krebs von den Lungen-6; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure; PPCs, postoperative pulmonary complications; SP-D, surfactant protein D; sRAGE, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.
*
Value is for comparison over time [postoperative versus preoperative and postoperative day 5 versus postoperative (repeated contrast)].
**
Comparison between groups overtime (PPC versus No PPC and High PEEP versus Low PEEP).