Table 1.
Demographic variables in 65 patients with schizophrenia at each assessment.
| Variables | Baseline (T1) | Follow-up (T2) | Cohen’s d | t | p-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 29/36 | – | – | – | – |
| Age at onset (years) | 23.3 ± 11.7 | – | – | – | – |
| Estimated premorbid IQ | 101.3 ± 10.1 | – | – | – | – |
| Education (years) | 13.5 ± 2.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Age (years) | 33.7 ± 12.8 | 35.5 ± 13.0 | 0.14 | 12.4 | 1.32 × 10 −18 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 10.4 ± 9.1 | 12.2 ± 9.2 | 0.20 | 12.4 | 1.32 × 10 −18 |
| CPZ-eq. total (mg/day) | 685.3 ± 562.4 | 748.3 ± 638.9 | 0.10 | 1.6 | 0.10 |
| CPZ-eq. atypical (mg/day) | 673.6 ± 563.4 | 737.7 ± 610.8 | 0.11 | 1.7 | 0.09 |
| CPZ-eq. typical (mg/day) | 11.8 ± 50.4 | 10.6 ± 52.6 | −0.02 | −0.1 | 0.90 |
| Biperiden-eq. (mg/day) | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | −0.47 | −3.2 | 2.20 × 10 −3 |
| Positive symptoms | 18.0 ± 5.5 | 16.5 ± 5.6 | −0.27 | −2.2 | 0.032 |
| Negative symptoms | 19.9 ± 5.6 | 18.6 ± 5.0 | −0.24 | −2.4 | 0.019 |
| IQ | 87.9 ± 15.3 | 90.0 ± 14.3 | 0.14 | 2.0 | 0.048 |
| Intelligence decline | −13.5 ± 13.8 | −11.4 ± 13.1 | 0.16 | 2.0 | 0.048 |
| Daily living skills | 64.2 ± 15.6 | 71.2 ± 15.6 | 0.45 | 4.4 | 3.60 × 10 −5 |
| Social function | 96.4 ± 31.4 | 102.7 ± 24.7 | 0.22 | 2.1 | 0.038 |
| Social activity (h/week) | 14.7 ± 18.2 | 17.8 ± 19.5 | 0.16 | 2.0 | 0.049 |
T1, time 1; T2, time 2; IQ, intelligence quotient; CPZ-eq., chlorpromazine equivalents of total antipsychotics. Means ± SD are shown. Complete demographic information was not obtained for all subjects (positive and negative symptoms, n = 63). P-values < 0.05 are shown in boldface and are underlined.