Figure 3 |. Microfluidic technologies for profiling DNA methylation.

a. Steps required for on-chip bisulfite conversion. Droplet merging, separation and mixing are performed through magnetic actuation of magnetic beads. Reprinted with permission¹⁵⁹. Copyright 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York. b. MID-RRBS microfluidic device with a fluidic layer (blue) and a control layer (orange) and a cross-sectional view of the reaction and loading chambers. Pie chart shows MID-RRBS and Zymo commercial kit coverage of gene promoters, CpG islands, CpG island shores, enhancers and 5kb tiles. Reprinted with permission¹¹⁸. Copyright 2018 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. c. SCAN workflow and simultaneous detection of DNA methylation and histone modifications. Reprinted with permission¹³⁴. Copyright 2013 National Academy of Sciences. d. Immunoreaction between antibody and target cytosine causing SPR angle change. Reprinted with permission¹⁶¹. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. e. The microfluidic device for using digital PCR to detect PCDHGB6 for examining methylated DNA with different concentrations. Reprinted with permission¹⁶². Copyright 2017 Elsevier.