Table 1.
Range of PGHD types and sources
| Data Type | Data Element Examples | Modality for Data Capturing Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Personal profile | Life goals, values | Online/patient portal (Kneale, Choi, & Demiris, 2016) |
| Preferences | Notifications | |
| Communication | ||
| Delegation or identification of proxy | ||
| Health data review | Edits/ updates to health record data (e.g. list of allergies) | |
| Health and family history | Updates to personal and family health history and health events | |
| Medication information | Updates to over the counter medication | |
| Medication adherence | Connected medication dispensing unit (Brath et al., 2013; Forni Ogna et al., 2013) | |
| Biometric tracking | Blood pressure | Wireless blood pressure cuff/Bluetooth to Smartphone application (Ciemins et al., 2018; Evans et al., 2016) |
| Weight | Digital weight scale (Demiris et al., 2013) | |
| Body temperature | Digital thermometer (Ask, Ekstrand, Hult, Lindén, & Pettersson, 2012) | |
| Oxygen saturation | Wireless pulse oximeter (Velardo et al., 2017) | |
| Blood glucose level | Digital glucose monitor (Lee et al., 2017) | |
| Lung function | Digital spirometer (Shakkottai, Kaciroti, Kasmikha, & Nasr, 2018) | |
| Heart rate | Wrist-worn activity tracking device (Thiebaud et al., 2018) | |
| Behavioral tracking | Activity level | Pedometer watch/Accelerometer (Actigraph) (Hooke, Gilchrist, Tanner, Hart, & Withycombe, 2016; Joseph, Stromback, Hagstromer, & Conradsson, 2018) |
| Calorie burning | Fitness tracker with calorie burning calculator (Franco, Fallaize, Lovegrove, & Hwang, 2016) | |
| Sleep quality | Bed sensor strip with ballistocardiography sensor (Kortelainen, van Gils, & Pärkkä, 2012) | |
| Daily hygiene routine | Water sensors, motion sensors (J. Chung et al., 2017) | |
| Environmental tracking | Room temperature | Temperature sensor (Bock et al., 2016) |
| Noise | Indoor sound level sensor (Risojević , Rozman, Pilipović, Češnovar, & Bulić, 2018) | |
| Luminosity | Home digital luminosity sensor (Bock et al., 2016) | |
| Humidity | Indoor air quality sensor (Bock et al., 2016) | |
| Social interactions tracking | Number of visitors | Door sensor (Skubic, Guevara, & Rantz, 2015) |
| Time spent outside the home | ||
| Number of calls | Phone usage summary app (Deave et al., 2018) | |
| Time spent online | Online monitoring app (Chen & Schulz, 2016) | |
| Genetic information | Predictive and pre-symptomatic testing | Direct to consumer genetic testing kit |
| Mental health assessment | Screening for depression | Online/patient portal (Leveille, Huang, Tsai, Weingart, & Iezzoni, 2008) |
| Anxiety assessment | Smartphone app (Alyami, Giri, Alyami, & Sundram, 2017) | |
| Symptom tracking | Symptom frequency, intensity, side effects | Online/patient portal (Kneale et al., 2016) |
| Patient reported outcomes | Condition-specific outcomes, quality of life | Online/patient-portal (Kneale et al., 2016) |
| Multimedia observations | Video- or photo-recordings | Telehealth video-camera (Gunter et al., 2016) |
| Care goals | Patient review of healthcare team goals | Personal health record (Lum et al., 2019) |
| Patient experience | Patient satisfaction | Online/patient-portal (Kneale et al., 2016) |
| Legal documentation | Advanced directive | Paper-based/ online (Lum et al., 2019) |
| Ad hoc requests | Request for health data amendment | Online/patient-portal (Kneale et al., 2016) |
| Administrative data | Contact information, caregiver(s) |