Table 1.
Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Hospital-Onset Sepsis, Community-Onset Sepsis, and No Sepsis
| Characteristics | No Sepsis (N=2,120,878) | Community-Onset Sepsis (N=83,620) | Hospital-Onset Sepsis (N=11,534) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median Age (IQR) | 59 (42–74) | 68 (55–80) | 66 (55–77) |
| Sex | |||
| Male (or Unknowna) | 868171 (40.9%) | 40,093 (48.0%) | 6,186 (53.6%) |
| Female | 1,252,707 (59.1%) | 43,519 (52.0%) | 5,348 (46.4%) |
| Race | |||
| White | 1,524,588 (71.9%) | 61,744 (73.8%) | 7,826 (67.9%) |
| Black | 401,836 (18.9%) | 15,408 (18.4%) | 2,766 (24.0%) |
| Other (or Unknown)a | 194,4454 (9.2%) | 6,468 (7.7%) | 942 (8.2%) |
| Select Comorbiditiesb | |||
| Cancer | 122,410 (5.8%) | 9,365 (11.2%) | 2,040 (17.7%) |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 332,744 (15.7%) | 19,843 (23.7%) | 2,439 (21.2%) |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 217,932 (10.3%) | 18,260 (21.8%) | 3,025 (26.2%) |
| Diabetes | 465,303 (21.9%) | 24,789 (29.6%) | 3,205 (27.8%) |
| Liver Disease | 54,828 (2.6%) | 4,813 (5.8%) | 851 (7.4%) |
| Neurologic Disease | 181,685 (8.6%) | 14,866 (17.8%) | 1,728 (15.0%) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 46,832 (2.2%) | 6,663 (8.0%) | 1,428 (12.4%) |
| Renal Disease | 222,006 (10.5%) | 16,482 (19.7%) | 2,720 (23.6%) |
| AHRQ Elixhauser Scorec | 0 (-1–8) | 11 (3–20) | 14 (5–24) |
| Admitted from Healthcare Facilityd | 138,192 (6.5%) | 9,571 (11.5%) | 1,523 (13.2%) |
| ICU on Day of Sepsis Onset | N/A | 32,692 (39.1%) | 4,840 (42.0%) |
| SOFA Score on Day of Sepsis Onset | N/A | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–7) |
| Positive Blood Cultures | 25,098 (1.2%) | 12,951 (15.5%) | 2,163 (18.8%) |
| Hospital LOS | 4 (3–6) | 8 (5–13) | 19 (12–30) |
| Admitted to ICU | 184,671 (8.7%) | 36,868 (44.1%) | 7,006 (60.7%) |
| ICU LOS | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–7) | 6 (3–11) |
| Death | 32,937 (1.6%) | 14,025 (16.8%) | 3,851 (33.4%) |
Abbreviations: AHRQ = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, ICU = intensive care unit, SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, LOS = length-of-stay.
Sex was missing in 499 cases (0.02%) and race was missing in 40,699 cases (1.8%).
The cancer comorbidity includes the Elixhauser categories of solid tumor without metastases, metastatic tumor, and lymphoma. It also includes codes for leukemia. Diabetes includes diabetes with and without complications.
The AHRQ Elixhauser score is weighted and allows for negative points for comorbidities with an inverse association with mortality.
Healthcare facilities include acute care hospitals, non-acute care facilities, hospice, and ambulatory surgery centers.
p-values were <0.001 for all comparisons between hospital-onset and community-onset sepsis.