Table 1.
Patient Characteristics at Baseline
| Patient Characteristics | Total (n=756) |
Worsened (n=121) |
Not Worsened (n=635) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age mean (SD) | 59.3 (13.6) | 60.2 (11.7) | 59.2 (13.9) | 0.809 |
| Sex n (%) | 0.997 | |||
| Male | 381 (50%) | 61 (50%) | 320 (50%) | |
| Female | 375 (50%) | 60 (50%) | 315 (50%) | |
| Raceβ n (%) | 0.032 | |||
| White | 615 (82%) | 90 (74%) | 525 (83%) | |
| African-American | 81 (11%) | 21 (17%) | 60 (9%) | |
| Other | 57 (8%) | 10 (8%) | 47 (7%) | |
| Ethnicity n (%) | 0.699 | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 31 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 28 (4%) | |
| Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino | 712 (94%) | 116 (96%) | 596 (94%) | |
| Ethnicity unknown | 13 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 11 (2%) | |
| Educationβ n (%) | 0.011 | |||
| < HS Diploma/GED | 20 (3%) | 6 (5%) | 14 (2%) | |
| HS Diploma/GED | 73 (10%) | 18 (15%) | 55 (9%) | |
| Some college/tech school-no degree | 163 (22%) | 30 (25%) | 133 (21%) | |
| Associate’s degree | 66 (9%) | 15 (12%) | 51 (8%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 194 (26%) | 28 (23%) | 166 (27%) | |
| Graduate degree | 226 (30%) | 24 (20%) | 202 (33%) | |
| Physical Exam and Clinical Information | ||||
| BMIβ (kg/m2)β mean (SD) | 30.4 (6.9) | 31.7 (7.6) | 30.2 (6.7) | 0.036 |
| PVR (mL)μ median (IQR) | 25.0 (3.0–70.0) | 30.0 (15.0–60.0) | 23.0 (0.0–72.0) | 0.111 |
| Current or Former Smokerβ n (%) | 311 (41%) | 52 (43%) | 259 (41%) | 0.673 |
| Number of alcoholic drinks per weekβ n (%) | 0.735 | |||
| 0 to 3 drinks per week | 447 (60%) | 74 (61%) | 373 (60%) | |
| 4 to 7 drinks per week | 109 (15%) | 17 (14%) | 92 (15%) | |
| 8+ dinks per week | 54 (7%) | 6 (5%) | 48 (8%) | |
| Has not had alcohol in the past | 137 (18%) | 24 (20%) | 113 (18%) | |
| Hypertensionβ n (%) | 332 (44%) | 60 (50%) | 272 (43%) | 0.175 |
| Diabetes n (%) | 120 (16%) | 28 (23%) | 92 (14%) | 0.017 |
| Sleep Apneaβ n (%) | 173 (23%) | 37 (31%) | 136 (21%) | 0.026 |
| Psychiatric Diagnosis n (%) | 276 (37%) | 46 (38%) | 230 (36%) | 0.707 |
| Colorectal Disease n (%) | 63 (8%) | 15 (12%) | 48 (8%) | 0.078 |
| History of UTI**β n (%) | 257 (34%) | 46 (39%) | 211 (34%) | 0.232 |
| Bladder/urethral traumaβ n (%) | 13 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 10 (2%) | 0.448 |
| Family History of LUTS n (%) | 218 (29%) | 34 (28%) | 184 (29%) | 0.845 |
| Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (Females only; available for a subset n=339), median (IQR) |
||||
| POPAaβ | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.0) | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.0) | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.0) | 0.760 |
| POPBaβ | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.0) | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.0) | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.0) | 0.921 |
| POPCλ | −7.0 (−8.0 to −5.0) | −7.0 (−8.0 to −6.0) | −6.5 (−8.0 to −5.0) | 0.080 |
| POPGHλ | 3.0 (2.0 to 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0 to 3.5) | 3.0 (2.0 to 4.0) | 0.854 |
| POPPBλ | 3.0 (2.0 to 3.5) | 3.0 (3.0 to 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0 to 3.5) | 0.082 |
| POPTVLλ | 9.0 (8.0 to 10.0) | 9.5 (8.0 to 10.0) | 9.0 (8.0 to 10.0) | 0.219 |
| POPApβ | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.5) | −2.8 (−3.0 to −2.0) | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.5) | 0.510 |
| POPBpβ | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.5) | −2.8 (−3.0 to −2.0) | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.5) | 0.499 |
| POPD$ | −8.0 (−9.0 to −6.0) | −9.0 (−9.8 to −7.5) | −8.0 (−9.0 to −6.0) | 0.045 |
| International Index of Erectile Function (Males only) λ mean (SD) |
14.9 (11.4) | 12.3 (11.0) | 15.4 (11.4) | 0.106 |
| Prostate findings (Males only) ¥ n (%) | 0.595 | |||
| Nodule/Anomaly | 6 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (2%) | |
| Normal/enlarged prostate | 319 (98%) | 51 (100%) | 268 (98%) | |
| Any prior LUTS treatment | 511 (68%) | 89 (74%) | 422 (67%) | 0.132 |
| Cluster Membership in LURN | ||||
| Males γ | (n=381) | (n=61) | (n=320) | 0.211 |
| Cluster 1 | 120 (33%) | 15 (26%) | 105 (34%) | |
| Cluster 2 | 64 (17%) | 10 (17%) | 54 (17%) | |
| Cluster 3 | 84 (23%) | 11 (19%) | 73 (24%) | |
| Cluster 4 | 99 (27%) | 22 (38%) | 77 (25%) | |
| Females | (n=375) | (n=60) | (n=315) | 0.150 |
| Cluster 1 | 88 (23%) | 9 (15%) | 79 (25%) | |
| Cluster 2 | 56 (15%) | 9 (15%) | 47 (15%) | |
| Cluster 3 | 179 (48%) | 29 (48%) | 150 (48%) | |
| Cluster 4 | 52 (14%) | 13 (22%) | 39 (12%) | |
*
p-value from Chi-square or Fisher’s exact or Wilcoxon two-sample test;
**
History of UTI assessed as more than 2 UTIs in the past year for women and any previous UTIs for men;
β
Missing <2%;
γ
Missing 2–5%;
λ
Missing 5–10%;
¥
Missing 15%;
μ
Missing 16%;
$
Missing 30%