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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Physiol. 2019 Mar 15;9(2):873–904. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c180020

Table 1.

Mehanosensitive Transcription Factors and Their Functions in Regulating Vascular Endothelial Homeostasis

Mechanosensitive transcription factors in
vascular endothelium		 Biomechanical stimuli Functions in endothelium
Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 2 and 4 Cyclic stretch (158);
shear stress (89,214,292)		 Vasodilatation; monolayer integrity; anti-inflammation; antithrombosis; anticoagulation
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) Cyclic stretch (224,255);
shear stress (112,418)		 Metabolism; angiogenesis; growth; inflammation
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) Cyclic stretch (97,197,421);
shear stress (191,212)		 Inflammation; adhesion; chemokine and cytokine production; monolayer permeability; apoptosis
Focal adhesion/cytoskeleton-associated protein Zyxin Cyclic stretch (371,416)
shear stress (431)		 Inflammation; chemokine and cytokine production; vasoconstriction
Activator protein-1 (AP-1) Cyclic stretch (404,421);
shear stress (212)		 Inflammation; adhesion; oxidative stress
Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) Shear stress (407,408);
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness (100)		 Inflammation; adhesion proliferation