Table 1. MeSH terms and definitions for AI and related fields 4 .

MeSH terms	MeSH Scope Note - Definition	Year (established in MeSH)
Artificial Intelligence	Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING, visual perception, mathematical computing, reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making ; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.	1986
Computer Heuristics	Trial-and-error methods of problem-solving used when an algorithmic approach is impractical.	2016
Expert Systems	Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved.	1987
Fuzzy Logic	Approximate, quantitative reasoning that is concerned with the linguistic ambiguity which exists in natural or synthetic language. At its core are variables such as good, bad, and young as well as modifiers such as more, less, and very. These ordinary terms represent fuzzy sets in a particular problem. Fuzzy logic plays a key role in many medical expert systems.	1993
Knowledge Bases	Collections of facts, assumptions, beliefs, and heuristics that are used in combination with databases to achieve desired results, such as a diagnosis, an interpretation, or a solution to a problem.	2006
Biological Ontologies	Structured vocabularies describing concepts from the fields of biology and relationships between concepts.	2014
Machine Learning	A type of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE that enables COMPUTERS to independently initiate and execute LEARNING when exposed to new data.	2016
Natural Language Processing	Computer processing of a language with rules that reflect and describe current usage rather than prescribed usage.	1991
Neural Networks (Computer)	A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. ... .computerized neural networks,..., consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis.	1992
Robotics	The application of electronic, computerized, control systems to mechanical devices designed to perform human functions. Formerly restricted to industry, but nowadays applied to artificial organs controlled by bionic (bioelectronic) devices, like automated insulin pumps and other prostheses.	1987