Table 1.

Optogenetic modules for controling protein-protein interactions

System	Photoreceptor	Co- factor	Typical/peak excitation wavelength		Size (amino acids)	Approx. lifetime (half-life)	References
			Association	Dissociation
phyB/PIF3	Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B	PΦB, PCB	Pr: 660 nm	Pfr: 740 nm	621/524	light inducible	[24]
phyB/PIF6	Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B	PΦB, PCB	Pr: 660 nm	Pfr: 740 nm	908/100	light inducible	[9]
BphP1/PpsR2	Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteriophytochrome	Bilive rdin	Pfr: 740 nm	Pr: 650 nm	732/465	light inducible, dark reversion 15min	[35]
CRY2/CIB1	Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2	FAD	450 nm	dark	612/335 498/170 (PHR/CIBN)	5 min	[25]
CRY2PHR/ CRY2PHR (clustering)	Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2	FAD	450 nm	dark	498	5 min	[49,50,59]
CRY2olig, CRY2clust	Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2	FAD	450nm	dark	498	5 min	[52,54]
TULIPs	Avena sativa Phot1 LOV2 domain	FMN	450 nm	dark	153/194	tunable	[10]
iLID/SspB	Avena sativa Phot1 LOV2 domain	FMN	450 nm	dark	144/110	tunable	[63,64]
FKF1/GI	Arabidopsis thaliana FKF1	FMN	450 nm	dark	619/1173(wt) 178/1173(N-LOV)	62.5 h	[27]
VVD/VVD	Neurospora crassa Vivid (VVD)	FAD	450 nm	dark	150	tunable	[29]
nMag/pMag (Magnets)	Neurospora crassa Vivid (VVD)	FAD	450nm	dark	150/150	tunable	[65]
LOVTRAP	Avena sativa Phot1 LOV2 domain	FMN	dark	450 nm	143/59	tunable	[58]
EL222	Erythrobacter litoralis HTCC2594 EL222	FMN	450 nm	dark	208	< 50 s	[28]
Aureochrome	Vaucheria frigida Aureochrome 1 LOV	FMN	450 nm	dark	136	7 min (tunable)	[47]
PixD/PixE	Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 PixD, PixE	FAD	dark	450 nm	150/380	s-min	[66,67]
Dronpa	Dronpa	None	405 nm	488 nm	257	light inducible	[60]
UVR8/COP1	Arabidopsis thaliana UVR8	None	280-315nm	N/A	440/340		[68]
UVR8/UVR8	Arabidopsis thaliana UVR8	None	dark	280-315nm	440	>8 hrs	[55]