Table 3.
Cycle | Ni (wt %) | Ni balance (wt %)c | W (wt %) | W balance (wt %)c | Zinc (%) | Zn balance (%)c | Ni/W weight ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liquida | Solidb | Liquid | Solid | Liquid | Solid | |||||
Fresh | — | 7.29 | — | — | 20.87 | — | — | 100.00 | — | 0.35 |
Reuse 1 | 1.08 | 6.41 | + 0.20 | 2.62 | 18.11 | −0.14 | 3.52 | 96.70 | + 0.22 | 0.35 |
Reuse 2 | 0.62 | 5.73 | −0.06 | 3.01 | 15.26 | + 0.16 | 4.19 | 91.92 | −0.59 | 0.38 |
Reuse 3 | 0.34 | 5.64 | + 0.25 | 1.79 | 13.58 | + 0.11 | 2.99 | 88.65 | −0.28 | 0.41 |
after | 0.21 | 5.58 | + 0.15 | 2.03 | 11.56 | + 0.01 | 3.16 | 85.76 | +0.27 | 0.48 |
aLiquid (wt% or %) = the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the liquid products after the reaction. The weight of Ni and W in the liquid products was converted into equivalent loadings in the catalyst (wt %).
bSolid (wt% or %) = the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the solid catalysts after the reaction.
cNi, W or Zn balance (wt% or %) = the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the liquid products + the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the solid catalysts – the weight of Ni, W or Zn before the reaction.