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. 2019 Aug 16;9:11938. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48103-6

Table 3.

Changes in the nickel, tungsten and zinc contents in the 7Ni-20W/β + ZnO system during four cycles of reuse.

Cycle Ni (wt %) Ni balance (wt %)c W (wt %) W balance (wt %)c Zinc (%) Zn balance (%)c Ni/W weight ratio
Liquida Solidb Liquid Solid Liquid Solid
Fresh 7.29 20.87 100.00 0.35
Reuse 1 1.08 6.41  + 0.20 2.62 18.11 −0.14 3.52 96.70  + 0.22 0.35
Reuse 2 0.62 5.73 −0.06 3.01 15.26  + 0.16 4.19 91.92 −0.59 0.38
Reuse 3 0.34 5.64  + 0.25 1.79 13.58  + 0.11 2.99 88.65 −0.28 0.41
after 0.21 5.58  + 0.15 2.03 11.56  + 0.01 3.16 85.76 +0.27 0.48

aLiquid (wt% or %) = the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the liquid products after the reaction. The weight of Ni and W in the liquid products was converted into equivalent loadings in the catalyst (wt %).

bSolid (wt% or %) = the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the solid catalysts after the reaction.

cNi, W or Zn balance (wt% or %) = the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the liquid products + the weight of Ni, W or Zn in the solid catalysts – the weight of Ni, W or Zn before the reaction.