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. 2019 Aug 16;10:3704. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11709-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Daily rhythms in glyphosate effectiveness. a–c Under light/dark cycles, hypocotyls are shorter in seedlings treated with 100 g/ha glyphosate compared with controls at times specified, in a Col-0, b CCA1-ox and c TOC1-ox seedlings. Graphs show (left) hypocotyl length and (right) change in hypocotyl length caused by glyphosate. d Titration of glyphosate concentration required to cause equivalent decrease in hypocotyl length at dawn and dusk in the Col-0 background. a–d Significance determined by a–c two-way ANOVA and t-tests between control and treatment at each timepoint; d one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc analysis. n.s. = not statistically significant, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. Data are mean ± s.e.m; n = 18–25. Source data are provided in the Source Data file