FIGURE 1.

BEC secrete IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1 on exposure to type 17 cytokines and LPS. BEC were stimulated with type 17–related cytokines (TNF-α + IFN-γ or IL-17) or LPS for 24 h, and Th17-polarizing cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1 were measured in their supernatants. Effects of treatment were assessed by one-way ANOVA using Friedman nonparametric test with Dunn multiple comparisons post hoc tests (significant comparisons indicated by asterisks) comparing the effects of each treatment to untreated control (UT). Data are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0. 001.