Fig. 1.
Induction of lung cell carcinogenesis by PM2.5 or NNK treatment. a PM2.5 or NNK treatment with 28 days promoted cell proliferation. Cells treated with 5 μg/ml PM2.5 or 10 μM NNK for 28 days were seeded for MTT assay. (*P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, n = 4). b PM2.5 induced Bet1A and NCI-H23 cell migration. Cells treated by PM2.5 or NNK for 28 days were seeded for different periods. Images were taken using phase contrast microscope (Nikon) (scale bar, 20 μm). The relative percentage of wound healed was expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs control 24 h condition; ##p < 0.01 when PM2.5 or NNK 48 h and 72 h vs control 48 h and 72 h respectively