Table 1.
Background Characteristics of High-Risk Population Survey Participants, By Intervention Vs. Comparison Groupa
| Characteristic | Intervention group (N = 1100) | Comparison group (N = 1099) |
|---|---|---|
| Recruitment category, number (%)b | ||
| PWID | 298 (27.1) | 298 (27.1) |
| SSW | 300 (27.2) | 295 (26.8) |
| KSW | 302 (27.5) | 299 (27.2) |
| MSM | 200 (18.2) | 207 (18.8) |
| Location of survey, number (%) | ||
| Hà Noi | 400 (36.4) | 408 (37.1) |
| Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) | 397 (36.1) | 388 (35.3) |
| Hai Phòng | 153 (13.9) | 153 (13.9) |
| An Giang | 150 (13.6) | 150 (13.6) |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 29.6 (8.0) | 28.5 (8.0)*** |
| Gender (self-reported),c number (%) | ||
| Male | 422 (38.4) | 444 (40.4) |
| Female | 646 (58.7) | 629 (57.2) |
| Other | 32 (2.9) | 26 (2.4) |
| Education, highest level completed, number (%) | ||
| Primary or none | 267 (24.3) | 311 (28.2) |
| Secondary (grade 6–9) | 476 (43.3) | 439 (39.1) |
| High school or higher | 357 (32.4) | 349 (31.7) |
| Employment, number (%) | ||
| Full-time | 529 (48.1) | 509 (46.3) |
| Part-time | 471 (42.8) | 478 (43.5) |
| Unemployed | 100 (9.1) | 112 (10.2) |
| Mean monthly income (million VN dong)d (SD) | 2.911 (3.757) | 2.672 (2.795) |
| Main daily activity, number (%) | ||
| Construction/farming/petty job | 221 (20.1) | 224 (20.4) |
| Salaried job | 139 (12.6) | 177 (16.1) |
| Sex worker | 394 (35.8) | 352 (32.0) |
| Entertainment employee | 106 (9.6) | 89 (8.1) |
| Student, housework, other | 141 (12.8) | 146 (13.3) |
| Unemployed | 99 (9.0) | 111 (10.1) |
| Ever tested positive for HIV, number (%) | 240 (21.8) | 170 (15.5)** |
| Ever had sex with someone | ||
| infected with HIV, number (%) | 144 (13.1) | 63 (5.7)*** |
| Men who have sex with men | 218 (19.8) | 225 (20.5) |
| Individuals who inject drugs | 265 (24.1) | 162 (14.7)*** |
SD Standard deviation; **Significant at p < 0.01; ***Significant at p < 0.001
aIntervention group includes participants who reported contact with an outreach worker in the previous 6 months; comparison group includes those who reported no such contact
bRecruitment is based on self-reported: 1) using injection drug in the past month (PWID); 2) selling of sex in the past month and working on the street (SSW); 3) selling of sex and working in an establishment (KSW); 4) self-identifying as a male who engaged in sex with another man in the past year (MSM)
cSome participants declined to identify as either male or female
dThe US$/VND exchange rate was approximately 16,280 at the time of data collection. In US$, reported mean incomes were approximately $178.8 (intervention) and $164.1 (comparison)