Table 6.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict the probability of inadequate/problematic level of health literacy
| Variable | Multivariatea,b | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI 95% | P | |
| Education c | < 0.001 | ||
| Primary or non-regulated education | 2.08 | 1.32–3.28 | 0.002 |
| Secondary education | 1.13 | 0.77–1.64 | 0.54 |
| College/University/Post-graduated | 1 | – | – |
| Socioeconomic status e, f | 0.002 | ||
| High (groups I and II) d | 1 | – | – |
| Middle (groups III and IVa) | 1.39 | 0.88–2.18 | 0.16 |
| Low (groups IVb and V) | 2.11 | 1.42–3.15 | < 0.001 |
| NA (Household head has never worked) | 2.01 | 0.82–4.91 | 0.13 |
| Physical activity | |||
| Healthy d | 1 | – | – |
| Non-healthy | 1.40 | 1.06–1.85 | 0.017 |
| Preventive activities | |||
| Yes | 1.36 | 1.03–1.80 | 0.029 |
| No d | 1 | – | – |
| Self-perceived chronic disorder | |||
| Yes | 1.31 | 1.01–1.70 | 0.046 |
| No d | 1 | – | – |
| Physical limitation to perform everyday activities g | 0.001 | ||
| Yes, severely limited | 2.50 | 1.34–4.66 | 0.004 |
| Yes, limited but not severely | 1.72 | 1.17–2.53 | 0.006 |
| Not limited d | 1 | – | – |
NA Not applicable
a Hosmer-Lemeshow test: p = 0.52
b Probability of inadequate or problematic level of literacy = Exp(β) / (1 + Exp(β)), on β = −3.159 + 0.733 (in case of primary studies or without studies) + 0.119 (in case of secondary studies) + 0.326 (in case of middle socioeconomic status) + 0.748 (in case of low socioeconomic status) + 0.698 (in case of not applicable socioeconomic status (Household head has never worked)) + 0.339 (in case of unhealthy physical activity) + 0.311 (in case of performing preventive activities) + 0.266 (in case of self-perceived chronic disorder) + 0.914 (in case of severely limited to perform daily activities) + 0.542 (in case of limited to perform daily activities but not severely)
c p value corresponds to the differences between the three groups (Primary or no studies; Secondary; or University)
d Reference category
e Socioeconomic status was determined based on occupation the household head classified according to the Spanish adaptation of the British Registrar General’s classification [25, 26]
f p value corresponds to the differences between the four groups (High (groups I and II); Middle (groups III and IVa); Low (groups IVb and V); NA (Household head never worked))
g p value corresponds to the differences between the three groups (Yes, severely limited; Yes, limited but not severely; or Not limited)