Schematic representation. (A) Under normal conditions, Keap1 sequesters Nrf2 in the cytoplasm that can be released to invoke and antioxidant response. (B) When Nrf2 is deleted, exposure to allergens leads to multiple downstream effects including excessive sinonasal barrier dysfunction, epithelial inflammatory cytokine release, sinonasal inflammatory cell accumulation, and goblet cell hyperplasia.